DESARROLLO DE UN BANCO DE PRUEBAS PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE FALLAS EN EL ESTATOR DE UN GENERADOR SÍNCRONO DE IMANES PERMANENTES (DEVELOPMENT OF A DIAGNOSIS TEST RIG OF STATOR FAILURES IN A PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR)
Resumen
En este trabajo se detalla el desarrollo de un banco de pruebas en una primera etapa, para el diagnóstico de fallas eléctricas en la armadura de un generador síncrono de imanes permanentes (PMSG, por sus siglas en inglés). El PMSG se modificó en su devanado de estator introduciendo varias derivaciones para tener la capacidad de generar fallas de cortocircuito (c.c.) entre pocas vueltas de manera controlada. Se describe el montaje experimental y un conjunto de pruebas basadas en los voltajes y las corrientes del generador modificado a diferentes velocidades de operación. Adicionalmente, se realizaron pruebas de resistencias en frío de los devanados con las derivaciones en dos de las fases modificadas del generador para verificar la condición operativa de la máquina. El propósito de analizar el cambio en la resistencia de cada fase ante la presencia de una falla de c.c. validó la correcta modificación de las bobinas con las derivaciones que conforman los devanados de estator del generador. Los registros de las lecturas de las resistencias en frío en presencia del c.c. mostraron la proporcionalidad que guarda con las derivaciones de cada fase modificada. Las fases que no se modificaron mantuvieron su valor de resistencia durante las diferentes conexiones de las derivaciones.
Palabras Clave: banco de pruebas, cortocircuito, estator, fallas, generador síncrono.
Abstract
This paper details the development of an electric fault diagnosis test rig based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The stator winding of the PMSG was modified, introducing several taps to short-circuit the stator coils in a controlled manner. The experimental setup and some tests using the generator voltages and currents at different speeds are described. Cold resistance tests were also carried out on the windings with the derivations in two phases of generator. The purpose of analyzing the change in the resistance of each phase in the presence of a short-circuit fault validated the correct modification of coils with the derivations that make up the stator windings of generator. The records of the cold resistance readings in the presence of short-circuit indicated the proportionality that it maintains with the derivations of each modified phase. The phases that were not modified maintained their resistance value during the different connections of branches.
Keywords: test rig, short-circuit, stator, fault, synchronous generator.
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