OPTIMIZACIÓN DE UN RECIPIENTE CRIOGÉNICO PARA ALMACENAR HIDRÓGENO LÍQUIDO UTILIZADO EN UN VEHÍCULO AÉREO NO TRIPULADO (CRYOGENIC VESSEL OPTIMIZATION FOR LIQUID HYDROGEN STORAGE ONBOARD AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE)
Resumen
El almacenamiento de hidrógeno líquido (LH2) utilizado para alimentar la celda de combustible de un UAV (vehículo aéreo no tripulado) ha demostrado tener grandes ventajas con respecto del hidrógeno gaseoso. No obstante, uno de los retos a los que se enfrenta es a la pérdida de masa de H2 por evaporación debida a la transferencia de calor provocada por la diferencia de temperaturas entre el ambiente y el líquido contenido; una forma de mitigar las pérdidas de H2 es incrementando la presión de diseño y con ello la presión de operación máxima. En este trabajo se optimiza el recipiente de almacenamiento de hidrógeno de un UAV existente, aumentando la presión de diseño hasta alcanzar la autonomía de vuelo máxima. Los resultados muestran un incremento en la autonomía de vuelo de hasta un 12%, mientras que las pérdidas por evaporación se reducen de 39 a 4.3%.
Palabras clave: autonomía, hidrógeno líquido; presión, UAV.
Abstract
The storage of liquid hydrogen (LH2) used to power the fuel cell of a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) has shown to have great advantages over hydrogen in a gaseous or compressed state. However, one of the challenges facing LH2 storage is the loss of H2 mass through evaporation due to heat transfer caused by the temperature difference between the environment and the LH2; one way to mitigate H2 losses is by increasing the design pressure, and with this the maximum operating pressure. In this work, the hydrogen storage container is optimized by increasing the design pressure until reaching maximum flight endurance in an existing UAV. The results show an increase in flight endurance of up to 12%, while evaporative losses are reduced 39 to 4.3%.
Keywords: flight endurance, liquid hydrogen, pressure, UAV.
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