EFECTO DE LA NATURALEZA QUÍMICA DE LOS ACEITES VEGETALES COMO LUBRICANTES Y EL ROL PRINCIPAL DEL ACEITE DE RICINO (EFFECT OF THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF VEGETABLE OILS AS LUBRICANTS AND THE MAJOR ROLE OF CASTOR OIL)
Resumen
Los lubricantes se han venido empleando desde las primeras máquinas y mecanismos. Hoy en día se fabrica una gran variedad de lubricantes de distinta naturaleza y para diversas aplicaciones. Erradamente, desde un primer punto de vista, podemos atribuir el desempeño de un lubricante exclusivamente a las propiedades físicas del mismo, es decir a su viscosidad. No obstante, a pesar de que es una propiedad muy importante, las propiedades y características químicas de los aceites base y los aditivos también tienen un papel sustancial en la definición del desempeño de un lubricante. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis del efecto que tiene la estructura o composición química de los lubricantes en el desempeño mecánico del mismo. El trabajo está enfocado principalmente a los aceites vegetales como bases lubricantes debido a la creciente necesidad de emplear lubricantes amigables con el medio ambiente. Se destaca al aceite de ricino debido a sus características químicas las cuales le proveen con propiedades lubricantes sobresalientes.
Palabras Clave: Aceite de Ricino, Aceites vegetales, Estructura química, Lubricantes, Propiedades.
Abstract
Lubricants have been used since the first machines and mechanisms. Today, a wide variety of lubricants of different nature and for diverse applications are manufactured. Erroneously, from the first point of view, it can be attributed the performance of a lubricant exclusively to its physical properties, i.e. its viscosity. However, although it is a very important property, the chemical properties and characteristics of base oils and additives also play a substantial role in defining the performance of a lubricant. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of the structure or chemical composition of lubricants on the mechanical performance of the lubricant. The work is mainly focused on vegetable oils as lubricant bases due to the growing need to use environmentally friendly lubricants. Castor oil is highlighted due to its chemical characteristics which provide it with outstanding lubricating properties.
Keywords: Castor oil, Vegetable oils, Lubricants, Chemical structure, Properties.
Texto completo:
514-527 PDFReferencias
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