EVALUACIÓN DEL RENDIMIENTO DE BATERÍAS DE ION-LITIO Y PLOMO-ÁCIDO EN SISTEMAS DE ALMACENAMIENTO DE ENERGÍA (PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LITHIUM-ION AND LEAD-ACID BATTERIES IN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS)
Resumen
La transición hacia fuentes de energía sostenibles y menos contaminantes es una prioridad urgente en el panorama energético actual. La energía solar, especialmente mediante sistemas fotovoltaicos interconectados, se presenta como una solución prometedora. Para maximizar su aprovechamiento, es esencial seleccionar baterías adecuadas para el almacenamiento de energía. Este estudio compara simulaciones de sistemas de almacenamiento construidos por baterías de ion-litio y plomo-ácido en términos de carga, descarga y eficiencia durante un año. Los resultados destacan la superioridad de las baterías de ion-litio en eficiencia y durabilidad, alcanzando un 93% de capacidad kWh, en comparación con un 87% de las baterías de plomo-ácido. Esto las convierte en una opción atractiva para sistemas que requieren alta fiabilidad y larga vida útil. Sin embargo, las baterías de plomo-ácido son una alternativa rentable en escenarios con restricciones presupuestarias. Se concluye que la elección de cada tipo de batería depende de múltiples factores, como la complejidad del sistema, la capacidad económica y el horizonte temporal del proyecto, ya sea a corto, mediano o largo plazo.
Palabras Clave: Almacenamiento de energía, Análisis comparativo, Baterías de ion-litio, Baterías de plomo-ácido, Sistemas fotovoltaicos interconectados.
Abstract
The urgent shift to sustainable and less polluting energy sources is a key priority in the current energy landscape. Solar energy, particularly through interconnected photovoltaic systems, holds significant promise. To maximize its potential, selecting suitable batteries for energy storage is essential. This study compares lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries in terms of their charging, discharging, and efficiency over a year. The results emphasize lithium-ion batteries' superior efficiency and durability, which achieve a capacity of 93% kWh compared to 87% for lead-acid batteries. This makes lithium-ion batteries an appealing option for systems that require high reliability and a long life. However, lead-acid batteries are a cost-effective alternative in scenarios with budget constraints. In conclusion, the choice of battery type depends on various factors, including system complexity, economic capacity, and the project's time horizon, whether short, medium, or long-term.
Keywords: Comparative analysis, Energy storage, Interconnected photovoltaic systems, Lead-acid batteries, Lithium-ion batteries.
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