IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN DISPOSITIVO IoT PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN INTERIORES DE AUTOBUSES (IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IoT DEVICE FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN BUSES)
Resumen
Vigilar la calidad del aire en interiores es relevante, ya que las personas pasan el 90 % de su tiempo en espacios cerrados, donde los aerosoles exhalados pueden permanecer suspendidos largos periodos, aumentando el riesgo de enfermedades respiratorias. El transporte público en México es un ambiente dinámico que confina muchas personas en espacios reducidos durante las horas pico. Este estudio contextualiza un dispositivo IoT con un sensor de bajo costo para monitorear materia particulada (PM) 2.5 y PM10 en tres rutas de autobús, realizando campañas de medición y analizando los datos bajo diversas condiciones de ventilación y ocupación. Los resultados muestran los niveles PM a los que se expone un usuario de autobús en horas pico y corroboran que el uso de las tecnologías IoT ofrecen una solución accesible para el monitoreo continuo de la calidad del aire en interiores y puede apoyar la implementación de políticas de salud pública.
Palabras Clave: Calidad del aire, IoT, Interiores, PM2.5, PM10.
Abstract
Monitoring indoor air quality is relevant, as people spend 90% of their time indoors, where exhaled aerosols can remain suspended for long periods, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases. Public transport in Mexico is a dynamic environment that confines many people in small spaces during peak hours. This study contextualizes an IoT device with a low-cost sensor to monitor particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and PM10 on three bus routes, conducting measurement campaigns and analyzing the data under various ventilation and occupancy conditions. The results show the PM levels to which a regular bus user is exposed during peak hours and corroborate that IoT technologies offer an accessible solution for continuous indoor air quality monitoring and might support the implementation of public health policies.
Keywords: Air quality, Indoor, IoT, PM2.5, PM10.
Texto completo:
386-400 PDFReferencias
Ahmad, A., Rashid, M., & Zakariya, Z. Intelligent Monitoring System of Residential Environment Based on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things. IEEE Access, No. 9, 2021.
Al-Khalidi, S. A., & Elkhodr, M. Multi-Points Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Based on Internet of Things. IEEE Access, No. 9, 2021.
Correia, C., Martins, V., Matroca, B., Santana, P., Mariano, P., Almedida, A. and Almeida, S. A Low-Cost Sensor System Installed in Buses to Monitor Air Quality in Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 2023.
Esfahani, F., Tahmasebi, H., & Ghaffari, A. Effect of Event-Based Sensing on IoT Node Power Efficiency: Case Study of Air Quality Monitoring in Smart Cities. IEEE Access, No. 8, 2020.
Hung, F. H., Tsang, K. F., Wu, C. K., Liu, Y., Wang, H., Zhu, H., Koo, C. H., & Wan, W. H. An Adaptive Indoor Air Quality Control Scheme for Minimizing Volatile Organic Compounds Density. IEEE Access, No. 8, 2020.
Khan, A. Predicting Asthma Attacks: Effects of Indoor PM Concentrations on Peak Expiratory Flow Rates of Asthmatic Children. IEEE Access, No. 8, 2020.
Li, X., Zhao, Q., & Wang, J. Indoor Air Quality Monitoring: Trends and Future Directions. Sensors, No. 19, 2020.
Nagarajan, R., Pandian, S. C., & Wahidabanu, R. S. A Comprehensive Survey of the Internet of Things (IoT) and AI-Based Smart Healthcare. IEEE Access, No. 9, 2021.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Directrices mundiales de la OMS sobre la calidad del aire: partículas en suspensión (PM2.5 y PM10), ozono, dióxido de nitrógeno, dióxido de azufre y monóxido de carbono. Resumen Ejecutivo. Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2021.
Patel, K. H., Pandya, V. K., & Dave, H. A. A Decade of Internet of Things: Analysis in the Light of Healthcare Applications. IEEE Access, No. 7, 2019.
Salthammer, T., Fauck, C., Omelan, A., Wientzek, Sebastian and Uhde, E. Time and Spatially Resolved Tracking of the Air Quality in Local Public Transport. Nature, No. 12, 2022.
Verdejo Espinosa, Á., López, J. L., Mata Mata, F., & Espinilla Estevez, M. Application of IoT in Healthcare: Keys to Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Sensors, No. 21, 2021.
Yasin, A., Delaney, J., Cheng, C.-T., & Pang, T.Y. The Design and Implementation of an IoT Sensor-Based Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System Using Off-the-Shelf Devices. Applied Sciences, No. 12, 2022.
Zhao, Y., Gu, C. and Song, X. Evaluation of indoor environmental quality, personal cumulative exposure dose, and aerosol transmission risk levels inside urban buses in Dalian, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023.
URL de la licencia: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.es
Pistas Educativas está bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 3.0 No portada. 
TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO / INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE CELAYA
Antonio García Cubas Pte #600 esq. Av. Tecnológico, Celaya, Gto. México
Tel. 461 61 17575 Ext 5450 y 5146
pistaseducativas@itcelaya.edu.mx