DISEÑO CIRCUITAL DE UN ESCÁNER LÁSER OPTOMECATRÓNICO PARA LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE FRUTAS EN TIEMPO REAL (DESIGN OF AN OPTOMECHATRONIC LASER SCANNER FOR REAL TIME FRUIT CLASSIFICATION)
Resumen
El procesamiento y la clasificación de frutas en la agricultura de poscosecha requieren tecnologías eficientes y accesibles para los productores. Este estudio presenta el desarrollo de un sistema optomecatrónico de alta velocidad que utiliza un arreglo de láseres semiconductores y fotodetectores comerciales para capturar contornos bidimensionales de frutas. El objetivo es mejorar la precisión y eficiencia de los sistemas automatizados de clasificación, proporcionando información en tiempo real para el procesamiento. A medida que la fruta atraviesa el área de escaneo, el sistema registra las interrupciones de los haces de luz generadas por el contorno de la fruta, permitiendo la creación de perfiles transversales de su forma. Estos perfiles se utilizan para reconstruir la geometría de la fruta, permitiendo la estimación de su volumen. Para validar el sistema, se implementó un algoritmo en Verilog en una FPGA Tang Nano 20K, que mide los tiempos de respuesta del circuito y realiza cálculos de volumen con alta precisión en tiempo real. Este enfoque incrementa la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad en el sector agroindustrial al mejorar la clasificación rápida y precisa en las líneas de producción.
Palabras Clave: Clasificación, Láseres, Optomecatrónico, Procesamiento, Volumen.
Abstract
The processing and classification of fruits in post-harvest agriculture demands efficient and accessible technologies for producers. This study presents the development of a high-speed optomechatronic system that uses an array of semiconductor lasers and commercial photodetectors to capture two-dimensional contours of fruits. The objective is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of automated classification systems by providing real-time information for processing. As the fruit passes through the scanning area, the system records interruptions in the light beams generated by the fruit's contour, allowing the creation of cross-sectional profiles of its shape. These profiles are used to reconstruct the fruit's geometry, enabling volume estimation. To validate the system, an algorithm was implemented in Verilog on a Tang Nano 20K FPGA, which measures the circuit's response times and performs volume calculations with high precision in real time. This approach enhances efficiency and sustainability in the agro-industrial sector by improving fast and accurate classification in production lines.
Keywords: Classification, Lasers, Optomechatronic, Processing, Volume.
Texto completo:
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