IMPACTO DE LA AUTOMATIZACIÓN ROBÓTICA EN LA PRODUCTIVIDAD Y EL DESARROLLO DEL CAPITAL HUMANO EN UN CENTRO DE SERVICIOS COMPARTIDOS (IMPACT OF ROBOTIC AUTOMATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN A SHARED SERVICES CENTER)

José Armando Cuéllar Ledesma, José Porfirio González Farías

Resumen


Resumen
La presente investigación estableció como objetivo central de investigación evaluar, en el ámbito laboral mexicano, el impacto de la automatización de las tareas mecánicas, repetitivas y manuales que realizan algunos puestos administrativos, con el objetivo de verificar si dicha automatización aumenta la productividad del negocio y permite a los colaboradores desarrollar habilidades, competencias directivas y tener mejor calidad de vida.
Los resultados, en términos generales, fundamentaron dicho modelo en una muestra que representó el total de las personas que participaron en el proyecto (27 personas). Cabe destacar que tal y como lo predice la teoría, las personas, aun con una cierta resistencia al cambio, presentaron conclusiones a favor de la automatización por medio de bots software, gracias a los beneficios que otorga, no solo desde la perspectiva de la compañía en cuanto a ahorro en costos, eficiencia y disminución de errores, sino también a nivel individual, como la mejora en la calidad de vida de los empleados, equilibrio de cargas de trabajo, desempeño de actividades estratégicas y no mecánicas, así como el desarrollo de nuevas habilidades. A través de la revisión de la literatura y la evidencia empírica se probó la vinculación entre la automatización robótica y desarrollo del Capital Humano.
La investigación se desarrolló en dos etapas: un análisis cualitativo donde se aplicó un instrumento de diagnóstico con α de Cronbach del 97% a los 27 sujetos de estudio. Por la falta de normalidad de los datos se aplicaron estadísticos no paramétricos. El análisis de correlación de Spearman confirma la hipótesis de trabajo, la automatización robótica de procesos impacta significativamente en la productividad, con 99.3% y el desarrollo de habilidades por parte del Capital Humano con un 83.2%; en la etapa cualitativa se plasman los resultados del análisis textual y conceptual de las entrevistas no estructuradas, en las que se presenta la perspectiva de la población de estudio generando resultados más profundos debido a las percepciones vertidas.
El aporte más significativo de la presente investigación es la determinación de que el éxito de Robotic Process Automation depende de la selección de los procesos a automatizar y de la estrategia para su implementación.
Palabras clave: Automatización robótica de procesos, productividad, eficiencia, eficacia, Capital Humano, habilidades blandas, competencias directivas, innovación, equilibrio vida-trabajo.

Abstract
The present doctoral dissertation established as a central research objective to evaluate, in the Mexican workplace, the impact of the automation of mechanical, repetitive, and manual tasks performed by some administrative positions, with the objective of verifying whether automation increases business productivity and allows employees to develop skills, management competencies and have a better quality of life.
The results based this model on a sample that represented the total number of people who participated in the project (27 people). It should be noted that as the theory predicts, people, even with a certain resistance to change, presented conclusions pro automation through software bots, thanks to the benefits it provides, not only from the company's perspective, in terms of cost savings, efficiency and reduction of errors, but also at an individual level, such as improvement in the quality of life of employees, balance of workloads, performance of strategic and non-mechanical activities, as well as the development of new skills. Through the review of literature and empirical evidence, the link between robotic automation and the development of Human Capital was tested.
The research was developed in two stages: a qualitative analysis where a diagnostic instrument with Cronbach's α of 97% was applied to the 27 study subjects. Due to the lack of normality of the data, non-parametric statistics were applied. Spearman's correlation analysis confirms the working hypothesis, robotic process automation significantly impacts productivity, with 99.3%, and the development of skills by Human Capital with 83.2%; In the qualitative stage, the results of the textual and conceptual analysis of the unstructured interviews are reflected, in which the perspective of the study population is presented, generating deeper results due to the perceptions expressed.
The most significant contribution of this research is the determination that the success of Robotic Process Automation depends on the selection of the processes to be automated and the strategy for their implementation.
Keywords: Robotic process automation, productivity, efficiency, effectiveness, Human Capital, soft skills, management skills, innovation, work-life balance.

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Referencias


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