EVALUACIÓN TÉRMICA DE UN SECADOR SOLAR PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE CAFÉ PERGAMINO EN LA REGION CAFETALERA DE LA MIXTECA OAXAQUEÑA (THERMAL EVALUATION OF SOLAR DRYER FOR OBTAINING PARCHMENT COFFEE IN MIXTECA COFFEE REGION OF OAXACA)
Resumen
En el proceso para obtener café seco a partir de café cereza, el secado es una etapa fundamental, ya que se debe disminuir el contenido de humedad del café lavado (48 a 56% en base húmeda) a un rango que oscile entre el 10 y 12 % de humedad, niveles apropiados para inhibir la formación de hongos y evitar que el grano sufra daños en su aspecto físico y composición química. Para la evaluación se utilizó un secador solar semi parabólico directo tipo pasivo, donde la cubierta total se considera como el colector. La máxima diferencia de temperatura entre el interior del secador y el ambiente fue de 10 °C. La eficiencia térmica del secador por mes fue de 11 % promedio para la temporada de cosecha. Los resultados demuestran que el secador es apto para obtener café pergamino seco a nivel de pequeños productores.
Palabras Clave: Diferencial de temperatura, eficiencia térmica, periodo de cosecha para café.
Abstract
In process to obtain dry coffee from cherry coffee, drying is a fundamental stage. Since the moisture content of the washed coffee must be reduced (48 to 56% on a wet basis) to a range that oscillates between 10 and 12 % humidity, appropriate levels to inhibit the formation of fungi and prevent grain from suffering damage to its physical appearance and chemical composition. For evaluation, a passive type direct semi-parabolic solar dryer was used, where total cover is considered as collector. The maximum temperature difference between interior of dryer and environment was 10 °C. The thermal efficiency of dryer per month in relation to harvest season, and was 11 % average for season. The results show that dryer is suitable for obtaining dry parchment coffee at the level of small producers.
Keywords: Harvest period for coffee, temperature differential, thermal efficiency.
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