EFICIENCIA Y PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL SECTOR AGRÍCOLA EN MÉXICO: 1993-2020 (EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN MEXICO: 1993-2020)
Resumen
Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estimar empíricamente la productividad y eficiencia del sector agrícola en México en el mediano plazo, mediante la medición del impacto que la población ocupada y el monto de créditos bancarios en el sector agrícola tienen sobre el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) que genera en el país. Para ello, se utilizó una función de producción no homogénea (NHPF) doble logarítmica con información anual de 1993 a 2020, considerando el argumento del dinero como insumo en la función de producción como fundamento teórico de este enfoque. Los resultados indican una productividad (elasticidad de salida) del crédito bancario negativa (aunque menor a la unidad), una productividad del trabajo positiva y la eficiencia mejoró con retornos a escala de 1993=-0.12 a 2020=2.06. Esto implica una mejora en la eficiencia de escala en el sector agrícola en México, debido principalmente al aumento de productividad de la fuerza laboral; por el uso de nuevas tecnologías aplicadas en el sector.
Palabras clave: Función NHPF, sector agrícola, productividad, eficiencia.
Abstract
The objective of this work was to empirically estimate the productivity and efficiency of the agricultural sector in Mexico in the medium term, by measuring the impact that the employed population and the amount of bank loans in the agricultural sector have on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) it generates in the country. For this, a double logarithmic inhomogeneous production function (NHPF) was used with annual information from 1993 to 2020, considering the argument of money as an input in the production function as the theoretical basis for this approach. The results indicate a negative productivity (output elasticity) of bank credit (although less than unity), positive labor productivity and efficiency improved with returns to scale from 1993 = -0.12 to 2020 = 2.06. This implies an improvement in the efficiency of scale in the agricultural sector in Mexico, mainly due to the increase in the productivity of the labor force; by the use of new technologies applied in the sector.
Keywords: NHPF function; agricultural sector; productivity; efficiency.
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