Competencias socioemocionales solicitadas por académicos y agricultores colombianos: Retos de los egresados en la industria 4.0
Resumen
La Cuarta Revolución Industrial ha transformado radicalmente los perfiles profesionales, exigiendo la integración de competencias técnicas, digitales y socioemocionales para responder a los retos de la automatización y la digitalización. Este estudio analiza la correspondencia entre liderazgo, inteligencia emocional y empleabilidad en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas en Colombia, utilizando un diseño metodológico mixto.
Fue implementado un cuestionario estructurado con escala Likert (1–5) a 46 docentes y directivos de 12 instituciones de educación superior y se desarrollaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas con empresarios los cuales pertenecen al sector agrícola. Los datos cuantitativos fueron procesados mediante SPSS v.26 aplicando correlaciones de Spearman y análisis factorial exploratorio, mientras que la información cualitativa fue analizada con codificación temática en NVivo.
Los hallazgos revelan correlaciones positivas y significativas entre la empleabilidad y competencias como inteligencia emocional (r = 0.721, p < 0.01) y liderazgo (r = 0.693, p < 0.01). Las categorías cualitativas emergentes —adaptabilidad emocional, liderazgo colaborativo e innovación con enfoque humano— confirman la necesidad de egresados con perfiles híbridos que integren capacidades técnicas y socioemocionales.
Se concluye que las universidades deben revisar sus planes curriculares para incluir metodologías activas —aprendizaje basado en proyectos, simulaciones empresariales y trabajo colaborativo— que fortalezcan habilidades emocionales, comunicativas y de liderazgo, garantizando una inserción laboral efectiva en la era digital.
Palabras clave: Inteligencia emocional, liderazgo, empleabilidad, Industria 4.0, educación superior.
JEL: I20
Socio-emotional skills sought by Colombian academics and farmers: Challenges for graduates in Industry 4.0
Abstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has fundamentally redefined professional profiles, requiring the integration of technical, digital, and socio-emotional competencies to address the challenges posed by automation and digitalization. This study examines the relationship between leadership, emotional intelligence, and employability among undergraduate students in Economics and Administrative Sciences in Colombia, adopting a mixed-methods, exploratory–correlational design.
A structured questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale (1–5) was administered to 46 faculty members and academic administrators from 12 higher education institutions, complemented by 15 semi-structured interviews with business leaders from the agricultural sector. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS v.26, applying the Spearman correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation, while qualitative data underwent thematic coding using NVivo.
Findings revealed statistically significant and positive correlations between employability and competencies such as emotional intelligence (r = 0.721, p < 0.01) and leadership (r = 0.693, p < 0.01). Qualitative analysis further identified emergent categories including emotional adaptability, collaborative leadership, and human-centered innovation, highlighting the need for graduates with hybrid profiles integrating both technical and socio-emotional skills.
In conclusion, the study underscores the urgency for higher education institutions to revise curricular structures by incorporating active learning methodologies — such as project-based learning, business simulations, and collaborative work — aimed at strengthening emotional, communicative, and leadership competencies to ensure effective workforce integration in the digital era.
Keywords: Empowerment, footwear sector, emergency situation.
JEL: M54, L29
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Referencias
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